Effect of Orientation of Seed Placement on Seedling Emergence in Some Species of Calamus

A study on influence of seed orientation on seed germination of three species of rattans namely, Calamus prasinus, C. stoloniferus and C. thwaitesii made by sowing the seeds at 2 cm depth in vertical (micropyle end upward), horizontal (micropylar end sideward) and in vertical(micropylar end downward) orientations. Maximum germination of 80% in seeds of C. prasinus recorded in inverted position and in other two species it was maximum in vertical orientation. Similarly maximum vigour index also occurred in vertical and inverted orientations. The early seed emergence occurred in different days in all the three rattan species at three orientations.